Table 1

Synopsis of the predicted TGF-β and GR response elements in PAI-1 and CTGF promoter sequences

Gene
Promoter motifs
Pathway
Promoter sequence
Ref.

hCTGF
GTGTCAAGGGGTCAGGAT
TGF-β inducible
-162 to 128
[14]
hCTGF
GAGGAATGCGAGGAATG
TGF-β-Smad3/4
-805 to +17
[15]
hCTGF
-
GR
-292 to +22
[25]
mCTGF
No direct binding, interaction with other TF (STAT3?)
GR
-897 to -628 (mouse strain specific)
[19]
hPAI-1
AG(C/A)CAGACA
TGF-β-Smad3/4
-730, -580, -280
[26]
hPAI-1
AG(C/A)CAGACA
TGF-β-Smad3/4
-732 to -721
[27]
PAI-1
MLP(CAGA)9-luc
TGF-β-Smad3/4
Reporter plasmid
[28]
hPAI-1
-
GR
-800, -549, -100, +75,
[17]
rPAI-1
AGCACACACTGTTCT
GR
-1212 to -1196
[29]

Besides the transcriptional activation of gene expression through potentially response elements of single transcription factors, and apart from a cell-type specific composition of those transcription factors, a superior regulation is conceivable, e.g. a diversity in methylation sites or the condensation status of the chromatin. GTCTAGAC: TGF-β-Smad3/4 consensus sequence; GGTACANNNTGTTCT: GR consensus sequence; r: rat; h: human; m: mouse.

Wickert et al. Comparative Hepatology 2007 6:5   doi:10.1186/1476-5926-6-5