Figure 2.

Chronic ethanol exposure sensitizes RAW 264.7 macrophages to low concentrations of lipopolysaccharide. RAW 264.7 macrophages were cultured with and without 25 mM ethanol for 48 h and then stimulated with 0–5 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide (E. coli serotype O26:B6) in the presence of 10% serum for 60 min. RNA was isolated and quantity of TNF-alpha and GAPDH mRNA measured by ribonuclease protection assay.